Boost-Commit mailing page: [Boost-commit] svn:boost r52278 - in trunk/libs/exception/doc: . source

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Subject: [Boost-commit] svn:boost r52278 - in trunk/libs/exception/doc: . source
From: emil_at_[hidden]
Date: 2009-04-09 00:49:20

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Author: emildotchevski
Date: 2009-04-09 00:49:19 EDT (Thu, 09 Apr 2009)
New Revision: 52278
URL: http://svn.boost.org/trac/boost/changeset/52278

Log:
documentation update
Text files modified:
   trunk/libs/exception/doc/motivation.html | 4
   trunk/libs/exception/doc/source/boost-exception.reno | 2328 ++++++++++++++++++++--------------------
   2 files changed, 1166 insertions(+), 1166 deletions(-)

Modified: trunk/libs/exception/doc/motivation.html
==============================================================================
--- trunk/libs/exception/doc/motivation.html (original)
+++ trunk/libs/exception/doc/motivation.html 2009-04-09 00:49:19 EDT (Thu, 09 Apr 2009)
@@ -113,10 +113,10 @@
 {
 std::cerr << "I/O Error!\n";

- if( shared_ptr<std::string const> fn=get_error_info<file_name>(e) )
+ if( std::string const * fn=get_error_info<file_name>(e) )
 std::cerr << "File name: " << *fn << "\n";

- if( shared_ptr<int const> c=get_error_info<errno_code>(e) )
+ if( int const * c=get_error_info<errno_code>(e) )
 std::cerr << "OS says: " << strerror(*c) << "\n";
 }</pre>
In addition, boost::diagnostic_information can be used to compose an automatic (if not user-friendly) message that contains all of the error_info objects added to a boost::exception. This is useful for inclusion in logs and other diagnostic objects.

Modified: trunk/libs/exception/doc/source/boost-exception.reno
==============================================================================
--- trunk/libs/exception/doc/source/boost-exception.reno (original)
+++ trunk/libs/exception/doc/source/boost-exception.reno 2009-04-09 00:49:19 EDT (Thu, 09 Apr 2009)
@@ -325,6 +325,128 @@
 <hook>
 <stream_hook_path>
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+ <file>
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+ </path>
+ </file>
+ </hook>
+ <title>
+ <string>Motivation</string>
+ </title>
+ <file_name>
+ <string>motivation</string>
+ </file_name>
+ </object>
+ </shared_ptr>
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+ <title>
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+ </title>
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+ <string>reno_context</string>
+ </type>
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+ </path>
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+ </hook>
+ <title>
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+ </title>
+ <file_name>
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+ </file_name>
+ </object>
+ </shared_ptr>
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 <size>2</size>
 55F1164770FD778354E151EF65A3E830DA20F325F7ED20A95130A4B83FC801BF
 <weak>1282550303</weak>
@@ -365,7 +487,7 @@
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@@ -414,7 +536,7 @@
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+ <id>16</id>
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@@ -423,21 +545,28 @@
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+ 7116AEECEA666794E31DC99390ADEC1BA6AF74B2398067A0739767B4B76FA97A
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 <title>
- <string>exception types as simple semantic tags</string>
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@@ -452,39 +581,7 @@
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+ <id>-12</id>
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@@ -540,7 +650,7 @@
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@@ -549,63 +659,47 @@
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 <title>
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@@ -1222,6 +1222,49 @@
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@@ -3773,6 +3773,17 @@
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 <size>5</size>
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 <size>3</size>
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+ <id>-18</id>
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+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>[@(:link </string>
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+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>:)();@]
</string>
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+ <size>0</size>
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@@ -5280,7 +5280,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-18</id>
+ <id>-20</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -5289,7 +5289,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-23</id>
+ <id>-18</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -5311,7 +5311,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -5320,7 +5320,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -5329,7 +5329,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-44</id>
+ <id>-40</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -5338,7 +5338,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-41</id>
+ <id>-30</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -5347,7 +5347,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-22</id>
+ <id>-23</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -5369,7 +5369,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-38</id>
+ <id>-39</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -5391,7 +5391,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -5400,7 +5400,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-38</id>
+ <id>-39</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -5436,7 +5436,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-38</id>
+ <id>-39</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -5445,7 +5445,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -5463,7 +5463,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -5472,7 +5472,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -5490,7 +5490,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-36</id>
+ <id>-37</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -5499,7 +5499,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -5508,7 +5508,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-11</id>
+ <id>-14</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -5517,7 +5517,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -5526,7 +5526,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -5535,7 +5535,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -5544,7 +5544,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-34</id>
+ <id>-35</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -5553,7 +5553,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -5562,7 +5562,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-34</id>
+ <id>-35</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -5571,7 +5571,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -5580,7 +5580,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-12</id>
+ <id>-15</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -5589,7 +5589,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-18</id>
+ <id>-20</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -5598,7 +5598,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-34</id>
+ <id>-35</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -5607,7 +5607,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-19</id>
+ <id>-21</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -5616,7 +5616,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-21</id>
+ <id>-22</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -5625,7 +5625,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-21</id>
+ <id>-22</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -5634,7 +5634,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-19</id>
+ <id>-21</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -5656,7 +5656,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -5665,7 +5665,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -5674,7 +5674,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-38</id>
+ <id>-39</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -5696,7 +5696,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -5705,7 +5705,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -5720,201 +5720,175 @@
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
- <size>5</size>
+ <size>33</size>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include synopsis:)

!!!!Requirements:

T must be a class with an accessible no-throw copy constructor as per (15.5.1).

!!!!Returns:

* If T derives from boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>(:auto !!!:)

Traditionally, when using exceptions to report failures, the throw site:

*creates an exception object of the appropriate type, and
*stuffs it with data relevant to the detected error.

A higher context in the program contains a catch statement which:

*selects failures based on exception types, and
*inspects exception objects for data required to deal with the problem.

The main issue with this "traditional" approach is that often, the data available at the point of the throw is insufficient for the catch site to handle the failure.

Here is an example of a catch statement:

[@catch( file_read_error & e )
 {
 std::cerr << e.file_name();
 }@]

And here is a possible matching throw:

[@void
read_file( FILE * f )
 {
 ....
 size_t nr=fread(buf,1,count,f);
 if( ferror(f) )
 throw file_read_error(???);
 ....&#
10; }@]

Clearly, the problem is that the handler requires a file name but the read_file function does not have a file name to put in the exception object; all it has is a FILE pointer!

In an attempt to deal with this problem, we could modify read_file to accept a file name:

[@void
read_file( FILE * f, char const * name )
 {
 ....
 size_t nr=fread(buf,1,count,f);
 if( ferror(f) )
 throw file_read_error(name);
 ....
 }@]

This is not a real solution: it simply shifts the burden of supplying a file name to the immediate caller of the read_file function.

->''In general, the data required to handle a given library-emitted exception depends on the program that links to it. Many contexts between the throw and the catch may have relevant information which must be transported to the exception handler.''

!!!Exception wrapping

The idea of exception wrapping is to catch an exce
ption from a lower level function (such as the read_file function above), and throw a new exception object that contains the original exception (and also carries a file name.) This method seems to be particularly popular with C++ programmers with Java background.

Exception wrapping leads to the following problems:

*To wrap an exception object it must be copied, which may result in slicing.
*Wrapping is practically impossible to use in generic contexts.

The second point is actually special case of violating the exception neutrality principle. Most contexts in a program can not handle exceptions; such contexts should not interfere with the process of exception handling.

!!!The boost::exception solution

*Simply derive your exception types from boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:), the returned object is of type T and is a copy of x.
* Otherwise, the returned object is of an unspecified type that derives publicly from both T and boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:).
*Confidently limit the throw site to provide only data that is available naturally.
*Use exception-neutral contexts between the throw and the catch to augment exceptions with more relevant data as they bubble up.

For example, in the throw statement below we only add the errno code, since this is the only failure-relevant information available in this context:

[@struct exception_base: virtual std::exception, virtual boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:). The T sub-object is initialized from x by the T copy constructor.

!!!!Throws:

Nothing.
</string>
- </container>
- </pair>
- <pair>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-12</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <container>
- <size>17</size>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include synopsis:)

The (:link </string>
+ <string>:) { };
struct io_error: virtual exception_base { };
struct file_read_error: virtual io_error { };

typedef boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-12</id>
+ <id>-39</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) type can be used to refer to a copy of an exception object. It is Default Constructible, Copy Constructible, Assignable and Equality Comparable; (:link </string>
+ <string>:)<struct tag_errno_code,int> errno_code;

void
read_file( FILE * f )
 {
 ....
 size_t nr=fread(buf,1,count,f);
 if( ferror(f) )
 throw file_read_error() (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-12</id>
+ <id>-9</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)'s operations do not throw.

Two instances of (:link </string>
+ <string>|<<:) errno_code(errno);
 ....
 }@]

In a higher exception-neutral context, we add the file name to ''any'' exception that derives from boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-12</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) are equivalent and compare equal if and only if they refer to the same exception.

The default constructor of (:link </string>
+ <string>:):

[@typedef boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-12</id>
+ <id>-39</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) produces the null value of the type. The null value is equivalent only to itself.

!!!!Thread safety

* It is legal for multiple threads to hold (:link </string>
+ <string>:)<struct tag_file_name,std::string> file_name;

....
try
 {
 if( FILE * fp=fopen("foo.txt","rt") )
 {
 shared_ptr<FILE> f(fp,fclose);
 ....
 read_file(fp); //throws types deriving from boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-12</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) references to the same exception object.
* It is illegal for multiple threads to modify the same (:link </string>
+ <string>:)
 do_something();
 ....
 }
 else
 throw file_open_error() (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-12</id>
+ <id>-9</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) object concurrently.
* While calling (:link </string>
+ <string>|<<:) errno_code(errno);
 }
catch( boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-23</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) makes a copy of the current exception object, it is still possible for the two copies to share internal state. Therefore, in general it is not safe to call (:link </string>
+ <string>:) & e )
 {
 e (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-35</id>
+ <id>-9</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) concurrently to throw the same exception object into multiple threads.
</string>
- </container>
- </pair>
- <pair>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-13</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <container>
- <size>7</size>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!!:)

Deriving from boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>|<<:) file_name("foo.txt");
 throw;
 }@]

Finally here is how the handler retrieves data from exceptions that derive from boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) effectively decouples the semantics of a failure from the information that is relevant to each individual instance of reporting a failure with a given semantic.

In other words: with boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:):

[@catch( io_error & e )
 {
 std::cerr << "I/O Error!\n";

 if( std::string const * fn=(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-32</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:), what data a given exception object transports depends primarily on the context in which failures are reported (not on its type.) Since exception types need no members, it becomes very natural to throw exceptions that derive from more than one type to indicate multiple appropriate semantics:

[@struct exception_base: virtual std::exception, virtual boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:)<file_name>(e) )
 std::cerr << "File name: " << *fn << "\n";

 if( int const * c=(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-32</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) { };
struct io_error: virtual exception_base { };
struct file_error: virtual io_error { };
struct read_error: virtual io_error { };
struct file_read_error: virtual file_error, virtual read_error { };@]

Using this approach, exception types become a simple tagging system for categorizing errors and selecting failures in exception handlers.
</string>
- </container>
- </pair>
- <pair>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-14</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <container>
- <size>27</size>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!:)

Some exception hierarchies can not be modified to make boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:)<errno_code>(e) )
 std::cerr << "OS says: " << strerror(*c) << "\n";
 }@]

In addition, boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-22</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) a base type. In this case, the (:link </string>
+ <string>:) can be used to compose an automatic (if not user-friendly) message that contains all of the (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-11</id>
+ <id>-39</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) function template can be used to make exception objects derive from boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) objects added to a boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) anyway. Here is an example:

[@#include <(:link </string>
+ <string>:). This is useful for inclusion in logs and other diagnostic objects.
</string>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-14</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
+ <size>5</size>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include synopsis:)

!!!!Requirements:

T must be a class with an accessible no-throw copy constructor as per (15.5.1).

!!!!Returns:

* If T derives from boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-50</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)>
#include <stdexcept>

typedef boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:), the returned object is of type T and is a copy of x.
* Otherwise, the returned object is of an unspecified type that derives publicly from both T and boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
@@ -5923,312 +5897,338 @@
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)<struct tag_std_range_min,size_t> std_range_min;
typedef boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:). The T sub-object is initialized from x by the T copy constructor.

!!!!Throws:

Nothing.
</string>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-15</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
+ <size>17</size>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include synopsis:)

The (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-38</id>
+ <id>-15</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)<struct tag_std_range_max,size_t> std_range_max;
typedef boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) type can be used to refer to a copy of an exception object. It is Default Constructible, Copy Constructible, Assignable and Equality Comparable; (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-38</id>
+ <id>-15</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)<struct tag_std_range_index,size_t> std_range_index;

template <class T>
class
my_container
 {
 public:

 size_t size() const;

 T const &
 operator[]( size_t i ) const
 {
 if( i > size() )
 throw boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:)'s operations do not throw.

Two instances of (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-11</id>
+ <id>-15</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)(std::range_error("Index out of range")) <<
 std_range_min(0) <<
 std_range_max(size()) <<
 std_range_index(i);
 //....
 }
 };
@]

The call to (:link </string>
+ <string>:) are equivalent and compare equal if and only if they refer to the same exception.

The default constructor of (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-11</id>
+ <id>-15</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)<T> gets us an object of ''unspecified type'' which is guaranteed to derive from both boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) produces the null value of the type. The null value is equivalent only to itself.

!!!!Thread safety

* It is legal for multiple threads to hold (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-15</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) and T. This makes it possible to use (:link </string>
+ <string>:) references to the same exception object.
* It is illegal for multiple threads to modify the same (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-9</id>
+ <id>-15</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string> mod="/":) to store additional information in the exception object. The exception can be intercepted as T &, so existing exception handling will not break. It can also be intercepted as boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) object concurrently.
* While calling (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-18</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) &, so that (:link </string>
+ <string>:) makes a copy of the current exception object, it is still possible for the two copies to share internal state. Therefore, in general it is not safe to call (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-6</id>
+ <id>-36</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>|more information can be added to the exception at a later time:).
</string>
+ <string>:) concurrently to throw the same exception object into multiple threads.
</string>
 </container>
 </pair>
 <pair>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-15</id>
+ <id>-16</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
- <size>37</size>
+ <size>19</size>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!!:)

When you catch an exception, you can call (:link </string>
+ <string>(:auto !!:)

Boost Exception provides a namespace-scope function (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-23</id>
+ <id>-22</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) to get an (:link </string>
+ <string>:) which takes a boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-12</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) object:

[@#include <(:link </string>
+ <string>:). The returned string contains:

*the string representation of all data objects added to the boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-57</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)>
#include <boost/thread.hpp>
#include <boost/bind.hpp>

void do_work(); //throws cloning-enabled boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) through (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-9</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)s

void
worker_thread( boost::(:link </string>
+ <string> mod="/":);
*the output from std::exception::what;
*additional platform-specific diagnostic information.

The returned string is not presentable as a friendly user message, but because it is generated automatically, it is useful for debugging or logging purposes. Here is an example:

[@#include <(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-12</id>
+ <id>-50</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) & error )
 {
 try
 {
 do_work();
 error = boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:)>
#include <iostream>

void f(); //throws unknown types that derive from boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-12</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)();
 }
 catch(
 ... )
 {
 error = boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:).

void
g()
 {
 try
 {
 f();
 }
 catch(
 boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-23</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)();
 }
 }@]

In the above example, note that (:link </string>
+ <string>:) & e )
 {
 std::cerr << (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-23</id>
+ <id>-22</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) captures the original type of the exception object. The exception can be thrown again using the (:link </string>
+ <string>:)(e);
 }
 }@]

(:include </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-35</id>
+ <id>-44</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) function:

[@// ...continued

void
work()
 {
 boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:)
</string>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-12</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
+ <size>7</size>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>(:auto !!!:)

Deriving from boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-12</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) error;
 boost::(:link http://www.boost.org/doc/html/boost/thread.html|thread:) t( boost::(:link http://www.boost.org/libs/bind/bind.html|bind:)(worker_thread,boost::(:link http://www.boost.org/doc/html/ref.html|ref:)(error)) );
 t.(:link http://www.boost.org/doc/html/boost/thread.html|join:)();
 if( error )
 boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) effectively decouples the semantics of a failure from the information that is relevant to each individual instance of reporting a failure with a given semantic.

In other words: with boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-35</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)(error);
 }@]

Note that (:link </string>
+ <string>:), what data a given exception object transports depends primarily on the context in which failures are reported (not on its type.) Since exception types need no members, it becomes very natural to throw exceptions that derive from more than one type to indicate multiple appropriate semantics:

[@struct exception_base: virtual std::exception, virtual boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-23</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) could fail to copy the original exception object in the following cases:

* if there is not enough memory, in which case the returned (:link </string>
+ <string>:) { };
struct io_error: virtual exception_base { };
struct file_error: virtual io_error { };
struct read_error: virtual io_error { };
struct file_read_error: virtual file_error, virtual read_error { };@]

Using this approach, exception types become a simple tagging system for categorizing errors and selecting failures in exception handlers.
</string>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-13</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
+ <size>27</size>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>(:auto !!:)

Some exception hierarchies can not be modified to make boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-12</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) points to an instance of std::bad_alloc, or
* if (:link </string>
+ <string>:) a base type. In this case, the (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-18</id>
+ <id>-14</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) was not used in the throw-expression passed to the original throw statement and the current implementation does not have the necessary compiler-specific support to copy the exception automatically, in which case the returned (:link </string>
+ <string>:) function template can be used to make exception objects derive from boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-12</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) points to an instance of (:link </string>
+ <string>:) anyway. Here is an example:

[@#include <(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-30</id>
+ <id>-50</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:).

Regardless, the use of (:link </string>
+ <string>:)>
#include <stdexcept>

typedef boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-23</id>
+ <id>-39</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) and (:link </string>
+ <string>:)<struct tag_std_range_min,size_t> std_range_min;
typedef boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-35</id>
+ <id>-39</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) in the above examples is well-formed.
</string>
- </container>
- </pair>
- <pair>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-16</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <container>
- <size>33</size>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!!:)

Traditionally, when using exceptions to report failures, the throw site:

*creates an exception object of the appropriate type, and
*stuffs it with data relevant to the detected error.

A higher context in the program contains a catch statement which:

*selects failures based on exception types, and
*inspects exception objects for data required to deal with the problem.

The main issue with this "traditional" approach is that often, the data available at the point of the throw is insufficient for the catch site to handle the failure.

Here is an example of a catch statement:

[@catch( file_read_error & e )
 {
 std::cerr << e.file_name();
 }@]

And here is a possible matching throw:

[@void
read_file( FILE * f )
 {
 ....
 size_t nr=fread(buf,1,count,f);
 if( ferror(f) )
 throw file_read_error(???);
 ....&#
10; }@]

Clearly, the problem is that the handler requires a file name but the read_file function does not have a file name to put in the exception object; all it has is a FILE pointer!

In an attempt to deal with this problem, we could modify read_file to accept a file name:

[@void
read_file( FILE * f, char const * name )
 {
 ....
 size_t nr=fread(buf,1,count,f);
 if( ferror(f) )
 throw file_read_error(name);
 ....
 }@]

This is not a real solution: it simply shifts the burden of supplying a file name to the immediate caller of the read_file function.

->''In general, the data required to handle a given library-emitted exception depends on the program that links to it. Many contexts between the throw and the catch may have relevant information which must be transported to the exception handler.''

!!!Exception wrapping

The idea of exception wrapping is to catch an exce
ption from a lower level function (such as the read_file function above), and throw a new exception object that contains the original exception (and also carries a file name.) This method seems to be particularly popular with C++ programmers with Java background.

Exception wrapping leads to the following problems:

*To wrap an exception object it must be copied, which may result in slicing.
*Wrapping is practically impossible to use in generic contexts.

The second point is actually special case of violating the exception neutrality principle. Most contexts in a program can not handle exceptions; such contexts should not interfere with the process of exception handling.

!!!The boost::exception solution

*Simply derive your exception types from boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:)<struct tag_std_range_max,size_t> std_range_max;
typedef boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-39</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:).
*Confidently limit the throw site to provide only data that is available naturally.
*Use exception-neutral contexts between the throw and the catch to augment exceptions with more relevant data as they bubble up.

For example, in the throw statement below we only add the errno code, since this is the only failure-relevant information available in this context:

[@struct exception_base: virtual std::exception, virtual boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:)<struct tag_std_range_index,size_t> std_range_index;

template <class T>
class
my_container
 {
 public:

 size_t size() const;

 T const &
 operator[]( size_t i ) const
 {
 if( i > size() )
 throw boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-14</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) { };
struct io_error: virtual exception_base { };
struct file_read_error: virtual io_error { };

typedef boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:)(std::range_error("Index out of range")) <<
 std_range_min(0) <<
 std_range_max(size()) <<
 std_range_index(i);
 //....
 }
 };
@]

The call to (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-38</id>
+ <id>-14</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)<struct tag_errno_code,int> errno_code;

void
read_file( FILE * f )
 {
 ....
 size_t nr=fread(buf,1,count,f);
 if( ferror(f) )
 throw file_read_error() (:link </string>
+ <string>:)<T> gets us an object of ''unspecified type'' which is guaranteed to derive from both boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-9</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>|<<:) errno_code(errno);
 ....
 }@]

In a higher exception-neutral context, we add the file name to ''any'' exception that derives from boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) and T. This makes it possible to use (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-9</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:):

[@typedef boost::(:link </string>
+ <string> mod="/":) to store additional information in the exception object. The exception can be intercepted as T &, so existing exception handling will not break. It can also be intercepted as boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
@@ -6237,191 +6237,191 @@
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)<struct tag_file_name,std::string> file_name;

....
try
 {
 if( FILE * fp=fopen("foo.txt","rt") )
 {
 shared_ptr<FILE> f(fp,fclose);
 ....
 read_file(fp); //throws types deriving from boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) &, so that (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-6</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)
 do_something();
 ....
 }
 else
 throw file_open_error() (:link </string>
+ <string>|more information can be added to the exception at a later time:).
</string>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-17</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
+ <size>37</size>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>(:auto !!!:)

When you catch an exception, you can call (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-9</id>
+ <id>-18</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>|<<:) errno_code(errno);
 }
catch( boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) to get an (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-15</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) & e )
 {
 e (:link </string>
+ <string>:) object:

[@#include <(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-9</id>
+ <id>-57</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>|<<:) file_name("foo.txt");
 throw;
 }@]

Finally here is how the handler retrieves data from exceptions that derive from boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:)>
#include <boost/thread.hpp>
#include <boost/bind.hpp>

void do_work(); //throws cloning-enabled boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:):

[@catch( io_error & e )
 {
 std::cerr << "I/O Error!\n";

 if( shared_ptr<std::string const> fn=(:link </string>
+ <string>:)s

void
worker_thread( boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-31</id>
+ <id>-15</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)<file_name>(e) )
 std::cerr << "File name: " << *fn << "\n";

 if( shared_ptr<int const> c=(:link </string>
+ <string>:) & error )
 {
 try
 {
 do_work();
 error = boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-31</id>
+ <id>-15</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)<errno_code>(e) )
 std::cerr << "OS says: " << strerror(*c) << "\n";
 }@]

In addition, boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:)();
 }
 catch(
 ... )
 {
 error = boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-21</id>
+ <id>-18</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) can be used to compose an automatic (if not user-friendly) message that contains all of the (:link </string>
+ <string>:)();
 }
 }@]

In the above example, note that (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-38</id>
+ <id>-18</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) objects added to a boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) captures the original type of the exception object. The exception can be thrown again using the (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-36</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:). This is useful for inclusion in logs and other diagnostic objects.
</string>
- </container>
- </pair>
- <pair>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-17</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <container>
- <size>19</size>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!:)

Boost Exception responds to the following configuration macros:

'''BOOST_NO_RTTI'''\\
'''BOOST_NO_TYPEID'''

The first macro prevents Boost Exception from using dynamic_cast and dynamic typeid. If the second macro is also defined, Boost Exception does not use static typeid either. There are no observable degrading effects on the library functionality, except for the following:

->By default, the (:link </string>
+ <string>:) function:

[@// ...continued

void
work()
 {
 boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-31</id>
+ <id>-15</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) function template can be called with any exception type. If BOOST_NO_RTTI is defined, (:link </string>
+ <string>:) error;
 boost::(:link http://www.boost.org/doc/html/boost/thread.html|thread:) t( boost::(:link http://www.boost.org/libs/bind/bind.html|bind:)(worker_thread,boost::(:link http://www.boost.org/doc/html/ref.html|ref:)(error)) );
 t.(:link http://www.boost.org/doc/html/boost/thread.html|join:)();
 if( error )
 boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-31</id>
+ <id>-36</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) can be used only with objects of type boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:)(error);
 }@]

Note that (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-18</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:).

!!!!Note:

The library needs RTTI functionality. Disabling the language RTTI support enables an internal RTTI system, which may have more or less overhead depending on the platform.

'''BOOST_EXCEPTION_DISABLE'''

By default, (:link </string>
+ <string>:) could fail to copy the original exception object in the following cases:

* if there is not enough memory, in which case the returned (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-18</id>
+ <id>-15</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) and (:link </string>
+ <string>:) points to an instance of std::bad_alloc, or
* if (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-11</id>
+ <id>-20</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) are integrated directly in the (:link </string>
+ <string>:) was not used in the throw-expression passed to the original throw statement and the current implementation does not have the necessary compiler-specific support to copy the exception automatically, in which case the returned (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-34</id>
+ <id>-15</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) function. Defining BOOST_EXCEPTION_DISABLE disables this integration.

Note that on some non-conformant compilers, for example MSVC 7.0 and older, as well as BCC, BOOST_EXCEPTION_DISABLE is implicitly defined in (:link </string>
+ <string>:) points to an instance of (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-58</id>
+ <id>-31</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:).

'''BOOST_NO_EXCEPTIONS'''

This macro disables exception handling in Boost, forwarding all exceptions to a user-defined non-template version of boost::</string>
+ <string>:).

Regardless, the use of (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-34</id>
+ <id>-18</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>. However, unless BOOST_EXCEPTION_DISABLE is also defined, users can still examine the exception object for any data added at the point of the throw, or use boost::</string>
+ <string>:) and (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-21</id>
+ <id>-36</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string> (of course under BOOST_NO_EXCEPTIONS, the user-defined boost::throw_exception is not allowed to return to the caller.)
</string>
+ <string>:) in the above examples is well-formed.
</string>
 </container>
 </pair>
 <pair>
@@ -6432,121 +6432,117 @@
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
- <size>21</size>
+ <size>29</size>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include synopsis:)

!!!!Requirements:

T must be a class with an accessible no-throw copy constructor.

!!!!Returns:

An object of ''unspecified'' type which derives publicly from T. That is, the returned object can be intercepted by a catch(T &).

!!!!Description:



This function is designed to be used directly in a throw-expression to enable the (:link </string>
+ <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include synopsis:)

!!!!Requirements:

The (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-12</id>
+ <id>-18</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) support in Boost Exception. For example:

[@class
my_exception:
 public std::exception
 {
 };

....
throw boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) function must not be called outside of a catch block.

!!!!Returns:

* An (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-18</id>
+ <id>-15</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)(my_exception());@]

Unless (:link </string>
+ <string>:) that refers to the currently handled exception or a copy of the currently handled exception.
* If the function needs to allocate memory and the attempt fails, it returns an (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-18</id>
+ <id>-15</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) is called at the time an exception object is used in a throw-expression, an attempt to copy it using (:link </string>
+ <string>:) that refers to an instance of std::bad_alloc.

!!!!Throws:

Nothing.

!!!!Notes:

* It is unspecified whether the return values of two successive calls to (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-23</id>
+ <id>-18</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) may return an (:link </string>
+ <string>:) refer to the same exception object.
* Correct implementation of (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-12</id>
+ <id>-18</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) which refers to an instance of (:link </string>
+ <string>:) may require compiler support, unless (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-30</id>
+ <id>-20</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:). See (:link </string>
+ <string>:) was used at the time the currently handled exception object was passed to throw. If (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-23</id>
+ <id>-20</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) for details.

!!!!Note:

Instead of using the throw keyword directly, it is preferable to call boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) was not used, and if the compiler does not provide the necessary support, then (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-34</id>
+ <id>-18</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:). This is guaranteed to throw an exception that derives from boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) may return an (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-15</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) and supports the (:link </string>
+ <string>:) that refers to an instance of (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-12</id>
+ <id>-31</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) functionality.
</string>
- </container>
- </pair>
- <pair>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-19</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <container>
- <size>7</size>
+ <string>:). In this case, if the original exception object derives from boost::(:link </string>
+ <variant>1</variant>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-38</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include synopsis:)

This macro takes an exception object, records BOOST_CURRENT_FUNCTION, __FILE__ and __LINE__ in it, and forwards it to </string>
+ <string>:), then the boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-34</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>. To recover this information at the catch site, use </string>
+ <string>:) sub-object of the (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
@@ -6555,195 +6551,195 @@
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>; the information is also included in the message returned by </string>
+ <string>:) object is initialized by the boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-21</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>.
</string>
+ <string>:) copy constructor.
</string>
 </container>
 </pair>
 <pair>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-20</id>
+ <id>-19</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
 <size>19</size>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!:)

Boost Exception provides a namespace-scope function (:link </string>
+ <string>(:auto !!:)

Boost Exception responds to the following configuration macros:

'''BOOST_NO_RTTI'''\\
'''BOOST_NO_TYPEID'''

The first macro prevents Boost Exception from using dynamic_cast and dynamic typeid. If the second macro is also defined, Boost Exception does not use static typeid either. There are no observable degrading effects on the library functionality, except for the following:

->By default, the (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-21</id>
+ <id>-32</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) which takes a boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) function template can be called with any exception type. If BOOST_NO_RTTI is defined, (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-32</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:). The returned string contains:

*the string representation of all data objects added to the boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) can be used only with objects of type boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) through (:link </string>
+ <string>:).

!!!!Note:

The library needs RTTI functionality. Disabling the language RTTI support enables an internal RTTI system, which may have more or less overhead depending on the platform.

'''BOOST_EXCEPTION_DISABLE'''

By default, (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-9</id>
+ <id>-20</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string> mod="/":);
*the output from std::exception::what;
*additional platform-specific diagnostic information.

The returned string is not presentable as a friendly user message, but because it is generated automatically, it is useful for debugging or logging purposes. Here is an example:

[@#include <(:link </string>
+ <string>:) and (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-50</id>
+ <id>-14</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)>
#include <iostream>

void f(); //throws unknown types that derive from boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) are integrated directly in the (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-35</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:).

void
g()
 {
 try
 {
 f();
 }
 catch(
 boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) function. Defining BOOST_EXCEPTION_DISABLE disables this integration.

Note that on some non-conformant compilers, for example MSVC 7.0 and older, as well as BCC, BOOST_EXCEPTION_DISABLE is implicitly defined in (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-58</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) & e )
 {
 std::cerr << (:link </string>
+ <string>:).

'''BOOST_NO_EXCEPTIONS'''

This macro disables exception handling in Boost, forwarding all exceptions to a user-defined non-template version of boost::</string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-21</id>
+ <id>-35</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)(e);
 }
 }@]

(:include </string>
+ <string>. However, unless BOOST_EXCEPTION_DISABLE is also defined, users can still examine the exception object for any data added at the point of the throw, or use boost::</string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-43</id>
+ <id>-22</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)
</string>
+ <string> (of course under BOOST_NO_EXCEPTIONS, the user-defined boost::throw_exception is not allowed to return to the caller.)
</string>
 </container>
 </pair>
 <pair>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-21</id>
+ <id>-20</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
- <size>29</size>
+ <size>21</size>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include synopsis:)

!!!!Returns:

A string value that contains varying amount of implementation-specific diagnostic information about the passed exception object:

*If E can be statically converted to boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include synopsis:)

!!!!Requirements:

T must be a class with an accessible no-throw copy constructor.

!!!!Returns:

An object of ''unspecified'' type which derives publicly from T. That is, the returned object can be intercepted by a catch(T &).

!!!!Description:



This function is designed to be used directly in a throw-expression to enable the (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-15</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:), the returned value contains the string representations of all (:link </string>
+ <string>:) support in Boost Exception. For example:

[@class
my_exception:
 public std::exception
 {
 };

....
throw boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-38</id>
+ <id>-20</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) objects stored in the boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:)(my_exception());@]

Unless (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-20</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) through (:link </string>
+ <string>:) is called at the time an exception object is used in a throw-expression, an attempt to copy it using (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-9</id>
+ <id>-18</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string> mod="/":), along with other diagnostic information relevant to the exception. If e can be dynamically converted to std::exception, the returned value also contains the what() string.
*Otherwise, if E can be statically converted std::exception:
**if e can be dynamically converted to boost::exception, the returned value is the same as if E could be statically converted to boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) may return an (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-15</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:);
**otherwise the returned value contains the what() string.
*Otherwise, the boost::</string>
+ <string>:) which refers to an instance of (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-21</id>
+ <id>-31</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string> template is not available.

The string representation of each (:link </string>
+ <string>:). See (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-38</id>
+ <id>-18</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) object is deduced by a function call that is bound at the time the (:link </string>
+ <string>:) for details.

!!!!Note:

Instead of using the throw keyword directly, it is preferable to call boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-38</id>
+ <id>-35</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)<Tag,T> template is instantiated. The following overload resolutions are attempted in order:

#Unqualified call to to_string(x), where x is of type (:link </string>
+ <string>:). This is guaranteed to throw an exception that derives from boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
@@ -6752,52 +6748,56 @@
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)<Tag,T> (the return value is expected to be of type std::string.)
#Unqualified call to to_string(x.(:link </string>
+ <string>:) and supports the (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-46</id>
+ <id>-15</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string> mod="m":)()) (the return value is expected to be of type std::string.)
#Unqualified call to s << x.(:link </string>
- <variant>1</variant>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-46</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
+ <string>:) functionality.
</string>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-21</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
+ <size>7</size>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string> mod="m":)(), where s is a std::ostringstream.

The first successfully bound function is used at the time (:link </string>
+ <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include synopsis:)

This macro takes an exception object, records BOOST_CURRENT_FUNCTION, __FILE__ and __LINE__ in it, and forwards it to </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-21</id>
+ <id>-35</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) is called; if all 3 overload resolutions are unsuccessful, the system is unable to convert the (:link </string>
+ <string>. To recover this information at the catch site, use </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-38</id>
+ <id>-32</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) object to string, and ''an unspecified stub string value is used without issuing a compile error.''

!!!!Notes:

*The format of the returned string is unspecified.
*The returned string is ''not'' user-friendly.
*The returned string may include additional platform-specific diagnostic information.

(:include </string>
+ <string>; the information is also included in the message returned by </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-43</id>
+ <id>-22</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)</string>
+ <string>.
</string>
 </container>
 </pair>
 <pair>
@@ -6808,27 +6808,27 @@
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
- <size>13</size>
+ <size>29</size>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!!:)

The code snippet below demonstrates how boost::(:link http://www.boost.org/libs/tuple/doc/tuple_users_guide.html|tuple:) can be used to bundle the name of the function that failed, together with the reported errno so that they can be added to exception objects more conveniently together:

[@#include <(:link </string>
+ <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include synopsis:)

!!!!Returns:

A string value that contains varying amount of implementation-specific diagnostic information about the passed exception object:

*If E can be statically converted to boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-49</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)>
#include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string>
#include <errno.h>

typedef boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:), the returned value contains the string representations of all (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-38</id>
+ <id>-39</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)<struct tag_file_name,std::string> file_name_info;
typedef boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) objects stored in the boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
@@ -6837,173 +6837,173 @@
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)<struct tag_function,char const *> function_info;
typedef boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) through (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-38</id>
+ <id>-9</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)<struct tag_errno,int> errno_info;
typedef boost::tuple<function_info,errno_info> clib_failure;

class file_open_error: public boost::(:link </string>
+ <string> mod="/":), along with other diagnostic information relevant to the exception. If e can be dynamically converted to std::exception, the returned value also contains the what() string.
*Otherwise, if E can be statically converted std::exception:
**if e can be dynamically converted to boost::exception, the returned value is the same as if E could be statically converted to boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) { };

boost::shared_ptr<FILE>
file_open( char const * name, char const * mode )
 {
 if( FILE * f=fopen(name,mode) )
 return boost::shared_ptr<FILE>(f,fclose);
 else
 throw file_open_error() <<
 file_name_info(name) <<
 clib_failure("fopen",errno);
 }@]

Note that the members of a boost::(:link http://www.boost.org/libs/tuple/doc/tuple_users_guide.html|tuple:) are stored separately in exception objects; they can only be retrieved individually, using (:link </string>
+ <string>:);
**otherwise the returned value contains the what() string.
*Otherwise, the boost::</string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-31</id>
+ <id>-22</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:).
</string>
- </container>
- </pair>
- <pair>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-23</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <container>
- <size>29</size>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include synopsis:)

!!!!Requirements:

The (:link </string>
+ <string> template is not available.

The string representation of each (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-23</id>
+ <id>-39</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) function must not be called outside of a catch block.

!!!!Returns:

* An (:link </string>
+ <string>:) object is deduced by a function call that is bound at the time the (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-12</id>
+ <id>-39</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) that refers to the currently handled exception or a copy of the currently handled exception.
* If the function needs to allocate memory and the attempt fails, it returns an (:link </string>
+ <string>:)<Tag,T> template is instantiated. The following overload resolutions are attempted in order:

#Unqualified call to to_string(x), where x is of type (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-12</id>
+ <id>-39</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) that refers to an instance of std::bad_alloc.

!!!!Throws:

Nothing.

!!!!Notes:

* It is unspecified whether the return values of two successive calls to (:link </string>
+ <string>:)<Tag,T> (the return value is expected to be of type std::string.)
#Unqualified call to to_string(x.(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-23</id>
+ <id>-46</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) refer to the same exception object.
* Correct implementation of (:link </string>
+ <string> mod="m":)()) (the return value is expected to be of type std::string.)
#Unqualified call to s << x.(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-23</id>
+ <id>-46</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) may require compiler support, unless (:link </string>
+ <string> mod="m":)(), where s is a std::ostringstream.

The first successfully bound function is used at the time (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-18</id>
+ <id>-22</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) was used at the time the currently handled exception object was passed to throw. If (:link </string>
+ <string>:) is called; if all 3 overload resolutions are unsuccessful, the system is unable to convert the (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-18</id>
+ <id>-39</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) was not used, and if the compiler does not provide the necessary support, then (:link </string>
+ <string>:) object to string, and ''an unspecified stub string value is used without issuing a compile error.''

!!!!Notes:

*The format of the returned string is unspecified.
*The returned string is ''not'' user-friendly.
*The returned string may include additional platform-specific diagnostic information.

(:include </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-23</id>
+ <id>-44</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) may return an (:link </string>
+ <string>:)</string>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-23</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
+ <size>13</size>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>(:auto !!!:)

The code snippet below demonstrates how boost::(:link http://www.boost.org/libs/tuple/doc/tuple_users_guide.html|tuple:) can be used to bundle the name of the function that failed, together with the reported errno so that they can be added to exception objects more conveniently together:

[@#include <(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-12</id>
+ <id>-49</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) that refers to an instance of (:link </string>
+ <string>:)>
#include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string>
#include <errno.h>

typedef boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-30</id>
+ <id>-39</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:). In this case, if the original exception object derives from boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:)<struct tag_file_name,std::string> file_name_info;
typedef boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-39</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:), then the boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:)<struct tag_function,char const *> function_info;
typedef boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-39</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) sub-object of the (:link </string>
+ <string>:)<struct tag_errno,int> errno_info;
typedef boost::tuple<function_info,errno_info> clib_failure;

class file_open_error: public boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-30</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) object is initialized by the boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) { };

boost::shared_ptr<FILE>
file_open( char const * name, char const * mode )
 {
 if( FILE * f=fopen(name,mode) )
 return boost::shared_ptr<FILE>(f,fclose);
 else
 throw file_open_error() <<
 file_name_info(name) <<
 clib_failure("fopen",errno);
 }@]

Note that the members of a boost::(:link http://www.boost.org/libs/tuple/doc/tuple_users_guide.html|tuple:) are stored separately in exception objects; they can only be retrieved individually, using (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-32</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) copy constructor.
</string>
+ <string>:).
</string>
 </container>
 </pair>
 <pair>
@@ -7047,7 +7047,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7082,7 +7082,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7091,7 +7091,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-21</id>
+ <id>-22</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7137,6 +7137,100 @@
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
+ <size>19</size>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>(:auto !!!:)

Sometimes the throw site does not have all the information that is needed at the catch site to make sense of what went wrong. Let's say we have an exception type file_read_error, which takes a file name in its constructor. Consider the following function:

[@void
file_read( FILE * f, void * buffer, size_t size )
 {
 if( size!=fread(buffer,1,size,f) )
 throw file_read_error(????);
 }@]

How can the file_read function pass a file name to the exception type constructor? All it has is a FILE handle.

Using boost::(:link </string>
+ <variant>1</variant>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-38</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>:) allows us to free the file_read function from the burden of storing the file name in exceptions it throws:

[@#include <(:link </string>
+ <variant>1</variant>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-50</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>:)>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>

typedef boost::(:link </string>
+ <variant>1</variant>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-39</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>:)<struct tag_errno,int> errno_info;

class file_read_error: public boost::(:link </string>
+ <variant>1</variant>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-38</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>:) { };

void
file_read( FILE * f, void * buffer, size_t size )
 {
 if( size!=fread(buffer,1,size,f) )
 throw file_read_error() << errno_info(errno);
 }@]

If file_read detects a failure, it throws an exception which contains the information that is available at the time, namely the errno. Other relevant information, such as the file name, can be added in a context higher up the call stack, where it is known naturally:

[@#include <(:link </string>
+ <variant>1</variant>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-50</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>:)>
#include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string>

typedef boost::(:link </string>
+ <variant>1</variant>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-39</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>:)<struct tag_file_name,std::string> file_name_info;

boost::shared_ptr<FILE> file_open( char const * file_name, char const * mode );
void file_read( FILE * f, void * buffer, size_t size );

void
parse_file( char const * file_name )
 {
 boost::shared_ptr<FILE> f = file_open(file_name,"rb");
 assert(f);
 try
 {
 char buf[1024];
 file_read( f.get(), buf, sizeof(buf) );
 }
 catch(
 boost::(:link </string>
+ <variant>1</variant>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-38</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>:) & e )
 {
 e << file_name_info(file_name);
 throw;
 }
 }@]

The above function is (almost) exception-neutral -- if an exception is emitted by any function call within the try block, parse_file does not need to do any real work, but it intercepts any boost::(:link </string>
+ <variant>1</variant>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-38</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>:) object, stores the file name, and re-throws using a throw-expression with no operand (15.1.6). The rationale for catching any boost::(:link </string>
+ <variant>1</variant>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-38</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>:) object is that the file name is relevant to any failure that occurs in parse_file, ''even if the failure is unrelated to file I/O''.
</string>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-31</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
 <size>5</size>
 <variant>2</variant>
 <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include synopsis:)

This type is used by the (:link </string>
@@ -7144,7 +7238,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-12</id>
+ <id>-15</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7153,7 +7247,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-23</id>
+ <id>-18</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7164,7 +7258,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-31</id>
+ <id>-32</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -7175,7 +7269,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-38</id>
+ <id>-39</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7184,7 +7278,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7202,7 +7296,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-31</id>
+ <id>-32</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7211,7 +7305,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-31</id>
+ <id>-32</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7220,7 +7314,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-17</id>
+ <id>-19</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7231,7 +7325,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-32</id>
+ <id>-33</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -7242,7 +7336,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-33</id>
+ <id>-34</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7251,7 +7345,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-34</id>
+ <id>-35</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7260,7 +7354,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-16</id>
+ <id>-11</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7278,7 +7372,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-14</id>
+ <id>-13</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7287,7 +7381,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-33</id>
+ <id>-34</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7296,7 +7390,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-13</id>
+ <id>-12</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7305,7 +7399,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-36</id>
+ <id>-37</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7314,7 +7408,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-20</id>
+ <id>-16</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7323,7 +7417,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7332,7 +7426,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-19</id>
+ <id>-21</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7341,7 +7435,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-34</id>
+ <id>-35</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7350,7 +7444,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-38</id>
+ <id>-39</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7377,7 +7471,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-31</id>
+ <id>-32</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7386,7 +7480,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-11</id>
+ <id>-14</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7395,7 +7489,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-12</id>
+ <id>-15</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7404,7 +7498,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-18</id>
+ <id>-20</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7413,7 +7507,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-23</id>
+ <id>-18</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7431,7 +7525,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-35</id>
+ <id>-36</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7440,7 +7534,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-30</id>
+ <id>-31</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7449,7 +7543,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-21</id>
+ <id>-22</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7494,7 +7588,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-39</id>
+ <id>-41</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7521,7 +7615,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-17</id>
+ <id>-19</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7550,7 +7644,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-33</id>
+ <id>-34</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -7561,7 +7655,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-18</id>
+ <id>-20</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7570,7 +7664,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-34</id>
+ <id>-35</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7579,7 +7673,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7588,7 +7682,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-40</id>
+ <id>-42</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7597,7 +7691,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-15</id>
+ <id>-17</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7608,7 +7702,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-34</id>
+ <id>-35</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -7619,7 +7713,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-34</id>
+ <id>-35</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7628,7 +7722,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-18</id>
+ <id>-20</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7637,7 +7731,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-11</id>
+ <id>-14</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7646,7 +7740,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-34</id>
+ <id>-35</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7655,7 +7749,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-34</id>
+ <id>-35</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7664,7 +7758,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-34</id>
+ <id>-35</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7673,7 +7767,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-31</id>
+ <id>-32</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7682,7 +7776,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-21</id>
+ <id>-22</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7693,7 +7787,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-35</id>
+ <id>-36</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -7706,7 +7800,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-36</id>
+ <id>-37</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -7717,7 +7811,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7726,7 +7820,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-13</id>
+ <id>-12</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7737,7 +7831,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -7748,7 +7842,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7757,7 +7851,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7766,7 +7860,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-38</id>
+ <id>-39</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7784,7 +7878,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7793,7 +7887,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-31</id>
+ <id>-32</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7804,7 +7898,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-38</id>
+ <id>-39</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -7815,7 +7909,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-38</id>
+ <id>-39</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7833,7 +7927,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7851,7 +7945,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-38</id>
+ <id>-39</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7869,7 +7963,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-38</id>
+ <id>-39</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7887,7 +7981,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-38</id>
+ <id>-39</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7914,7 +8008,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7932,7 +8026,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-31</id>
+ <id>-32</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7950,7 +8044,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7959,7 +8053,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7968,7 +8062,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-31</id>
+ <id>-32</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -7979,129 +8073,120 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-39</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <container>
- <size>1</size>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!:)

(:pagelist fmt="index" tags="type":)
</string>
- </container>
- </pair>
- <pair>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
 <id>-40</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
- <size>11</size>
+ <size>17</size>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!!:)

Here is how cloning can be enabled in a throw-expression (15.1):

[@#include <(:link </string>
+ <string>(:auto !!!:)

The following example demonstrates how errno can be stored in exception objects using Boost Exception:

[@#include <(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-56</id>
+ <id>-50</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>

typedef boost::error_info<struct tag_errno,int> errno_info;

class file_read_error: public boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:)>
#include <errno.h>
#include <iostream>

typedef boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-39</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) { };

void
file_read( FILE * f, void * buffer, size_t size )
 {
 if( size!=fread(buffer,1,size,f) )
 throw boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:)<struct tag_errno,int> errno_info; //(1)

class my_error: public boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-18</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)(file_read_error()) <<
 errno_info(errno);
 }@]

Of course, (:link </string>
+ <string>:), public std::exception { }; //(2)

void
f()
 {
 throw my_error() << errno_info(errno); //(3)
 }
@]

First, we instantiate the (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-18</id>
+ <id>-39</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) may be used with any exception type; there is no requirement that it should derive from boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) template using a unique identifier -- tag_errno, and the type of the info it identifies -- int. This provides compile-time type safety for the various values stored in exception objects.

Second, we define class my_error, which derives from boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:).
</string>
- </container>
- </pair>
- <pair>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-41</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <container>
- <size>19</size>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!!:)

Sometimes the throw site does not have all the information that is needed at the catch site to make sense of what went wrong. Let's say we have an exception type file_read_error, which takes a file name in its constructor. Consider the following function:

[@void
file_read( FILE * f, void * buffer, size_t size )
 {
 if( size!=fread(buffer,1,size,f) )
 throw file_read_error(????);
 }@]

How can the file_read function pass a file name to the exception type constructor? All it has is a FILE handle.

Using boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:).

Finally, (3) illustrates how the typedef from (1) can be used with (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-9</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) allows us to free the file_read function from the burden of storing the file name in exceptions it throws:

[@#include <(:link </string>
+ <string>|operator<<:) to store values in exception objects at the point of the throw.

The stored errno value can be recovered at a later time like this:

[@// ...continued

void
g()
 {
 try
 {
 f();
 }
 catch(
 my_error & x )
 {
 if( int const * err=boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-50</id>
+ <id>-32</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>

typedef boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:)<errno_info>(x) )
 std::cerr << "Error code: " << *err;
 }
 }@]

The (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-38</id>
+ <id>-32</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)<struct tag_errno,int> errno_info;

class file_read_error: public boost::(:link </string>
- <variant>1</variant>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
+ <string>:) function template is instantiated with the typedef from (1), and is passed an exception object of a polymorphic type. If the exception object contains the requested value, err will point to it; otherwise a null pointer is returned.
</string>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-41</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
+ <size>1</size>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) { };

void
file_read( FILE * f, void * buffer, size_t size )
 {
 if( size!=fread(buffer,1,size,f) )
 throw file_read_error() << errno_info(errno);
 }@]

If file_read detects a failure, it throws an exception which contains the information that is available at the time, namely the errno. Other relevant information, such as the file name, can be added in a context higher up the call stack, where it is known naturally:

[@#include <(:link </string>
+ <string>(:auto !!:)

(:pagelist fmt="index" tags="type":)
</string>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-42</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
+ <size>11</size>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>(:auto !!!:)

Here is how cloning can be enabled in a throw-expression (15.1):

[@#include <(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-50</id>
+ <id>-56</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)>
#include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string>

typedef boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:)>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>

typedef boost::error_info<struct tag_errno,int> errno_info;

class file_read_error: public boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
@@ -8110,41 +8195,41 @@
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)<struct tag_file_name,std::string> file_name_info;

boost::shared_ptr<FILE> file_open( char const * file_name, char const * mode );
void file_read( FILE * f, void * buffer, size_t size );

void
parse_file( char const * file_name )
 {
 boost::shared_ptr<FILE> f = file_open(file_name,"rb");
 assert(f);
 try
 {
 char buf[1024];
 file_read( f.get(), buf, sizeof(buf) );
 }
 catch(
 boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) { };

void
file_read( FILE * f, void * buffer, size_t size )
 {
 if( size!=fread(buffer,1,size,f) )
 throw boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-20</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) & e )
 {
 e << file_name_info(file_name);
 throw;
 }
 }@]

The above function is (almost) exception-neutral -- if an exception is emitted by any function call within the try block, parse_file does not need to do any real work, but it intercepts any boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:)(file_read_error()) <<
 errno_info(errno);
 }@]

Of course, (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-20</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) object, stores the file name, and re-throws using a throw-expression with no operand (15.1.6). The rationale for catching any boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) may be used with any exception type; there is no requirement that it should derive from boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) object is that the file name is relevant to any failure that occurs in parse_file, ''even if the failure is unrelated to file I/O''.
</string>
+ <string>:).
</string>
 </container>
 </pair>
 <pair>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-42</id>
+ <id>-43</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -8157,7 +8242,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-43</id>
+ <id>-44</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -8168,7 +8253,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-21</id>
+ <id>-22</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -8179,91 +8264,6 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-44</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <container>
- <size>17</size>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!!:)

The following example demonstrates how errno can be stored in exception objects using Boost Exception:

[@#include <(:link </string>
- <variant>1</variant>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-50</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)>
#include <errno.h>
#include <iostream>

typedef boost::(:link </string>
- <variant>1</variant>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-38</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)<struct tag_errno,int> errno_info; //(1)

class my_error: public boost::(:link </string>
- <variant>1</variant>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:), public std::exception { }; //(2)

void
f()
 {
 throw my_error() << errno_info(errno); //(3)
 }
@]

First, we instantiate the (:link </string>
- <variant>1</variant>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-38</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) template using a unique identifier -- tag_errno, and the type of the info it identifies -- int. This provides compile-time type safety for the various values stored in exception objects.

Second, we define class my_error, which derives from boost::(:link </string>
- <variant>1</variant>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:).

Finally, (3) illustrates how the typedef from (1) can be used with (:link </string>
- <variant>1</variant>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-9</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>|operator<<:) to store values in exception objects at the point of the throw.

The stored errno value can be recovered at a later time like this:

[@// ...continued

void
g()
 {
 try
 {
 f();
 }
 catch(
 my_error & x )
 {
 if( int const * err=boost::(:link </string>
- <variant>1</variant>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-31</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)<errno_info>(x) )
 std::cerr << "Error code: " << *err;
 }
 }@]

The (:link </string>
- <variant>1</variant>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-31</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) function template is instantiated with the typedef from (1), and is passed an exception object of a polymorphic type. If the exception object contains the requested value, err will point to it; otherwise a null pointer is returned.
</string>
- </container>
- </pair>
- <pair>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
 <id>-45</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
@@ -8275,7 +8275,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -8284,7 +8284,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -8315,7 +8315,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-38</id>
+ <id>-39</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -8324,7 +8324,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-38</id>
+ <id>-39</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -8436,7 +8436,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-42</id>
+ <id>-43</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -8445,7 +8445,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-42</id>
+ <id>-43</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -8596,7 +8596,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-38</id>
+ <id>-39</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -8830,7 +8830,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-12</id>
+ <id>-14</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -8841,7 +8841,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-13</id>
+ <id>-15</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -8852,7 +8852,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-14</id>
+ <id>-16</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -8863,7 +8863,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-15</id>
+ <id>-12</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -8874,7 +8874,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-16</id>
+ <id>-13</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -9506,6 +9506,17 @@
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
+ <size>0</size>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-14</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
 <size>3</size>
 <variant>2</variant>
 <string>`#include <</string>
@@ -9524,7 +9535,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-12</id>
+ <id>-15</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -9546,7 +9557,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-13</id>
+ <id>-16</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -9557,7 +9568,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-14</id>
+ <id>-12</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -9568,7 +9579,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-15</id>
+ <id>-13</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -9579,7 +9590,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-16</id>
+ <id>-17</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -9590,7 +9601,29 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-17</id>
+ <id>-18</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
+ <size>3</size>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>`#include <(:link </string>
+ <variant>1</variant>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-57</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>:)>

[@namespace
boost
 {
(:include decl pre_indent="4":)
 }@]
</string>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-19</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -9601,7 +9634,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-18</id>
+ <id>-20</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -9623,7 +9656,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-19</id>
+ <id>-21</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -9645,18 +9678,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-20</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <container>
- <size>0</size>
- </container>
- </pair>
- <pair>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-21</id>
+ <id>-22</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -9667,7 +9689,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-42</id>
+ <id>-43</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -9678,33 +9700,11 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-22</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <container>
- <size>0</size>
- </container>
- </pair>
- <pair>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
 <id>-23</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
- <size>3</size>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>`#include <(:link </string>
- <variant>1</variant>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
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- </weak_ptr>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)>

[@namespace
boost
 {
(:include decl pre_indent="4":)
 }@]
</string>
+ <size>0</size>
 </container>
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 <pair>
@@ -9781,7 +9781,7 @@
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+ <id>-43</id>
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 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -9809,6 +9809,17 @@
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 <container>
+ <size>0</size>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
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+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-31</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
 <size>3</size>
 <variant>2</variant>
 <string>`#include <(:link </string>
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+ <id>-43</id>
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@@ -10005,7 +10016,7 @@
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+ <id>-38</id>
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@@ -10016,17 +10027,6 @@
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@@ -10324,19 +10324,19 @@
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@@ -10489,7 +10489,7 @@
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+ <id>-11</id>
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@@ -10625,7 +10625,7 @@
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@@ -10693,7 +10693,7 @@
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- <id>-39</id>
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@@ -10751,7 +10751,7 @@
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@@ -10775,7 +10775,7 @@
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- <id>-43</id>
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@@ -10799,7 +10799,7 @@
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+ <id>-13</id>
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@@ -10855,7 +10855,7 @@
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@@ -10883,7 +10883,7 @@
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@@ -10911,7 +10911,7 @@
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@@ -10939,7 +10939,7 @@
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+ <id>-36</id>
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- <id>-31</id>
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 <pair>
@@ -11019,7 +11019,7 @@
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+ <id>-16</id>
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@@ -11123,7 +11123,7 @@
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- <id>-44</id>
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@@ -11199,7 +11199,7 @@
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- <id>-34</id>
+ <id>-35</id>
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 <pair>
@@ -11231,7 +11231,7 @@
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- <id>-17</id>
+ <id>-19</id>
 </shared_ptr>
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 <pair>
@@ -11283,7 +11283,7 @@
 </path>
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 <shared_ptr>
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+ <id>-39</id>
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 </pair>
 <pair>
@@ -11399,7 +11399,7 @@
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 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-21</id>
+ <id>-22</id>
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 <pair>
@@ -11531,7 +11531,7 @@
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 <shared_ptr>
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+ <id>-20</id>
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 <pair>
@@ -11559,7 +11559,7 @@
 </path>
 </file>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-11</id>
+ <id>-14</id>
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 <pair>
@@ -11587,7 +11587,7 @@
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 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
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 <pair>
@@ -11667,7 +11667,7 @@
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- <id>-40</id>
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 <pair>
@@ -11691,7 +11691,7 @@
 </path>
 </file>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-19</id>
+ <id>-21</id>
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 </pair>
 <pair>
@@ -11715,7 +11715,7 @@
 </path>
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 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-41</id>
+ <id>-30</id>
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 <pair>
@@ -11739,7 +11739,7 @@
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 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-42</id>
+ <id>-43</id>
 </shared_ptr>
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 <pair>
@@ -11819,7 +11819,7 @@
 </path>
 </file>
 <shared_ptr>
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@@ -11892,7 +11892,7 @@
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 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-11</id>
+ <id>-14</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <string>error_info free function</string>
@@ -11901,7 +11901,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-12</id>
+ <id>-15</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <string>type</string>
@@ -11910,37 +11910,37 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
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+ <id>-16</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
- <string>tutorial</string>
+ <string>diagnostic_information tutorial</string>
 </pair>
 <pair>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-15</id>
+ <id>-13</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
- <string>noindex tutorial</string>
+ <string>tutorial</string>
 </pair>
 <pair>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-18</id>
+ <id>-17</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
- <string>exception_ptr free function</string>
+ <string>noindex tutorial</string>
 </pair>
 <pair>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-19</id>
+ <id>-18</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
- <string>macro</string>
+ <string>exception_ptr free function</string>
 </pair>
 <pair>
 <weak_ptr>
@@ -11949,7 +11949,7 @@
 <id>-20</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
- <string>diagnostic_information tutorial</string>
+ <string>exception_ptr free function</string>
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 <pair>
 <weak_ptr>
@@ -11958,7 +11958,7 @@
 <id>-21</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
- <string>diagnostic_information free function</string>
+ <string>macro</string>
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 <pair>
 <weak_ptr>
@@ -11967,7 +11967,7 @@
 <id>-22</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
- <string>noalso noindex tutorial</string>
+ <string>diagnostic_information free function</string>
 </pair>
 <pair>
 <weak_ptr>
@@ -11976,7 +11976,7 @@
 <id>-23</id>
 </shared_ptr>
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- <string>exception_ptr free function</string>
+ <string>noalso noindex tutorial</string>
 </pair>
 <pair>
 <weak_ptr>
@@ -12039,7 +12039,7 @@
 <id>-30</id>
 </shared_ptr>
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- <string>exception_ptr type</string>
+ <string>noalso noindex tutorial</string>
 </pair>
 <pair>
 <weak_ptr>
@@ -12048,7 +12048,7 @@
 <id>-31</id>
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- <string>error_info free function</string>
+ <string>exception_ptr type</string>
 </pair>
 <pair>
 <weak_ptr>
@@ -12057,7 +12057,7 @@
 <id>-32</id>
 </shared_ptr>
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- <string>noindex</string>
+ <string>error_info free function</string>
 </pair>
 <pair>
 <weak_ptr>
@@ -12066,7 +12066,7 @@
 <id>-33</id>
 </shared_ptr>
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- <string>tutorial</string>
+ <string>noindex</string>
 </pair>
 <pair>
 <weak_ptr>
@@ -12075,7 +12075,7 @@
 <id>-34</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
- <string>free function</string>
+ <string>tutorial</string>
 </pair>
 <pair>
 <weak_ptr>
@@ -12084,7 +12084,7 @@
 <id>-35</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
- <string>exception_ptr free function</string>
+ <string>free function</string>
 </pair>
 <pair>
 <weak_ptr>
@@ -12093,7 +12093,7 @@
 <id>-36</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
- <string>tutorial</string>
+ <string>exception_ptr free function</string>
 </pair>
 <pair>
 <weak_ptr>
@@ -12102,7 +12102,7 @@
 <id>-37</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
- <string>type</string>
+ <string>tutorial</string>
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 <pair>
 <weak_ptr>
@@ -12117,16 +12117,16 @@
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 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-40</id>
+ <id>-39</id>
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- <string>noindex tutorial</string>
+ <string>type</string>
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 <pair>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
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+ <id>-40</id>
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 <string>noalso noindex tutorial</string>
@@ -12138,16 +12138,16 @@
 <id>-42</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
- <string></string>
+ <string>noindex tutorial</string>
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 <pair>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-44</id>
+ <id>-43</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
- <string>noalso noindex tutorial</string>
+ <string></string>
 </pair>
 <pair>
 <weak_ptr>

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